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Urinary Tract Infection – Children (PG)
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1. What investigation is used to confirm the diagnosis of UTI?
*
Dipstick
Ultrasound
Urine culture
FBC
2. Which urine collection method is preferred for culture in non-toilet trained children?
*
Clean-catch urine
Nappy squeeze
Cotton wool pad
Bag collection
3. What is an indication for prophylactic antibiotics in children with UTI?
*
First UTI episode
Viral cystitis
Recurrent UTIs
Asymptomatic bacteriuria
4. What is the most appropriate step if a urine sample is contaminated?
*
Order imaging
Start antibiotics
Ignore result
Repeat collection
5. Which symptom is more likely in older children with UTI?
*
Abdominal colic
Vomiting only
Sore throat
Dysuria
6. When should renal imaging be considered after a UTI in a child?
*
Atypical or recurrent UTI
Any UTI
If fever lasts more than 1 day
UTI with diarrhoea
7. Which finding in a urine dipstick increases suspicion of UTI in children?
*
Protein without blood
Ketones only
Positive leukocytes and nitrites
Low specific gravity
8. What is the first-line empirical antibiotic for lower UTI in children over 3 months?
*
Clarithromycin
Trimethoprim
Azithromycin
Amoxicillin
9. Which of the following is an atypical feature of UTI in children?
*
Cloudy urine
Poor urine flow
Painful urination
Increased frequency
10. What is the typical duration of antibiotic treatment for lower UTI in children?
*
3 days for females, 7 days for males
7 days for all children
3 days for all children
5 days for neonates only
11. What symptom in infants may suggest a UTI?
*
Fever without source
Skin rash
Photophobia
Headache
12. In which scenario should a child with UTI be referred to hospital?
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Over 3 years with mild dysuria
Under 3 months with fever
History of bedwetting
Afebrile toddler
13. What is the most common causative organism of UTI in children?
*
Escherichia coli
Enterococcus faecalis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
14. Which of the following is a common non-specific presentation of UTI in young children?
*
Neck stiffness
Irritability
Cough
Photophobia
15. What imaging may be required in a child with recurrent UTI?
*
Chest X-ray
CT abdomen
Renal ultrasound
Pelvic X-ray
16. What condition should be considered in children with recurrent febrile UTIs?
*
Hernia
Cryptorchidism
Hydrocele
Vesicoureteric reflux
17. What is the first-line investigation in a febrile child under 3 months suspected of UTI?
*
Urgent urine culture
Dipstick only
CRP
Renal ultrasound
18. Which clinical sign in a child under 3 months mandates urgent assessment for UTI?
*
Fever ≥38°C
Mild irritability
Refusal to eat solids
Sleep regression
19. What should parents be advised about preventing UTIs in children?
*
Use cotton underwear only
Ensure regular voiding and adequate fluid intake
Avoid all dairy products
Limit fruit juice
20. Which scenario requires follow-up imaging after a UTI in a child?
*
Night time incontinence
First UTI with prompt recovery
Family history of eczema
Recurrent febrile UTIs