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Bruising (PG)
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1. Which of the following is a common cause of easy bruising in older adults?
*
High calcium intake
Thrombocytosis
Age-related vascular fragility
Excess protein consumption
2. Which medication class is most commonly associated with increased bruising?
*
Beta-blockers
DOACs
Proton pump inhibitors
Antidepressants
3. Which blood test is most useful to assess platelet function in unexplained bruising?
*
HbA1c
Full blood count
CRP
Liver function test
4. Which condition involves immune-mediated destruction of platelets, leading to bruising?
*
ITP
Aplastic anaemia
Polycythaemia vera
Thalassaemia
5. What feature would raise concern for non-accidental injury in a child with bruising?
*
Bruising over bony prominences
Symmetrical bruising on shins
Bruising in soft tissue areas like the cheeks or ears
Occasional knee bruises
6. Which vitamin deficiency is classically associated with easy bruising and bleeding gums?
*
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Vitamin B12
Vitamin A
7. What is petechiae?
*
Large flat bruises
Raised itchy wheals
Small pinpoint non-blanching spots
Crusted blisters
8. Which inherited condition causes prolonged bleeding and easy bruising due to clotting factor deficiency?
*
Von Willebrand disease
Cystic fibrosis
Thalassaemia
Marfan syndrome
9. Which of the following features suggest systemic cause of bruising?
*
Single bruise on shin
History of trauma
Multiple spontaneous bruises in unusual locations
Sunburn
10. Which liver function parameter is often elevated in liver-related coagulopathy?
*
ALT
Bilirubin
Prothrombin time
Amylase
11. Which test would you order if you suspect thrombocytopenia in a patient with bruising?
*
INR
Full blood count
U&Es
ESR
12. Which of the following is a typical cause of bruising in athletes?
*
Blood cancer
Excessive vitamin C
Hyperthyroidism
Repetitive minor trauma
13. What should you do if a patient on warfarin develops extensive spontaneous bruising?
*
Continue warfarin and reassure
Switch to clopidogrel
Switch to aspirin
Urgently check INR and consider reversal
14. Which skin change may be confused with bruising but is due to hemosiderin staining?
*
Erythema nodosum
Livedo reticularis
Chronic venous insufficiency pigmentation
Actinic purpura
15. Which of the following symptoms would warrant urgent haematology referral in a patient with bruising?
*
Easy bruising with fatigue and weight loss
History of aspirin use
Bruising after trauma
Shin bruises after football
16. Which condition causes fragile skin and easy bruising due to collagen abnormalities?
*
Addison’s disease
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lichen planus
17. What might be the significance of bruising and splenomegaly in a young adult?
*
Appendicitis
Infectious mononucleosis
Thyrotoxicosis
Pancreatitis
18. Which type of purpura is typically non-palpable and related to platelet abnormalities?
*
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Senile purpura
Vasculitic purpura
Mechanical purpura
19. Which factor can falsely lower platelet count on testing?
*
EDTA-induced clumping
High cholesterol
Elevated glucose
Normal albumin
20. What is the correct management for uncomplicated minor bruises?
*
Oral steroids •
Cold compress and rest
Immediate antibiotics
Hospital admission