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Deep Vein Thrombosis (PG)
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1. What is the most common presenting symptom of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
*
Chest pain
Unilateral leg swelling and pain
Palpitations
Nocturnal calf cramps
2. Which scoring system is used to assess the pre-test probability of DVT?
*
APGAR score
CHA2DS2-VASc
Framingham score
Wells score
3. What is the next step if a patient has a high Wells score for DVT?
*
Immediate referral to haematology
D-dimer test
Immediate compression ultrasound of the leg
Start antibiotics
4. What is the role of D-dimer testing in DVT assessment?
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To confirm DVT in high-risk patients
To exclude DVT in low-risk patients
To measure clot size
To assess anticoagulant effect
5. What is the typical initial treatment for confirmed DVT?
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Aspirin
Warfarin alone
Clopidogrel
Low molecular weight heparin or DOAC
6. What is the recommended duration of anticoagulation for a first provoked DVT?
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1 month
3 months
6 months
Indefinitely
7. Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for DVT?
*
Immobility
Pregnancy
Cancer
Hyperthyroidism
8. What is the first-line investigation for suspected proximal DVT?
*
CT venography
MRI
Compression ultrasound
X-ray
9. Which of the following drugs is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC)?
*
Apixaban
Enoxaparin
Clopidogrel
Heparin
10. What is post-thrombotic syndrome?
*
An acute infection following DVT
A chronic complication with pain, swelling, and skin changes
Lung damage from embolism
A type of clotting disorder
11. When is thrombophilia testing considered in DVT management?
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Routinely in all patients
In those with unprovoked DVT and family history
Only after 1 year of anticoagulation
Only in cancer patients
12. Which of the following signs is least specific for DVT?
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Calf tenderness
Erythema
Leg oedema
Cullen's sign
13. What advice should be given to patients on rivaroxaban for DVT?
*
Avoid all dairy products
Regular INR checks are needed
Switch to aspirin after 1 month
Take with food and be consistent with timing
14. Which of the following may mimic symptoms of DVT?
*
Cellulitis
Eczema
Psoriasis
Sciatica
15. What is the role of compression stockings in DVT?
*
To prevent initial clot formation
To treat acute thrombosis
To replace anticoagulation
To reduce risk of post-thrombotic syndrome
16. In which situation is long-term anticoagulation for DVT often considered?
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DVT after long-haul flight
Unprovoked DVT with persistent risk factors
Provoked DVT by surgery
DVT during pregnancy
17. Which test is NOT typically used in initial DVT assessment?
*
D-dimer
Compression ultrasound
Wells score
PERC score
18. What action is appropriate for a low-risk patient with negative D-dimer?
*
Exclude DVT
Repeat ultrasound
Start anticoagulation
Order CT pulmonary angiogram
19. How soon should anticoagulation be initiated in suspected DVT with high clinical risk?
*
After radiology report
After 48 hours
Immediately before imaging if delay >4 hours
Only after D-dimer result
20. What complication can result from an untreated DVT?
*
Pulmonary embolism
Ischaemic stroke
Myocardial infarction
Pericarditis