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NMP Question Set 14 (Pharmacology)
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Course Curriculum
1. What best defines therapeutic drug monitoring?
*
Measuring patient adherence
Adjusting dose based on blood concentration
Estimating drug bioavailability
Predicting adverse reactions
2. Which statement accurately describes volume of distribution?
*
Clinical volume of blood
Reflects drug distribution into tissues
Amount excreted via urine
Time to peak plasma concentration
3. Which mechanism promotes drug elimination via kidneys?
*
Glomerular filtration
Protein binding
Enzyme induction
Plasma pH alterations
4. What is the principal advantage of subcutaneous over oral route?
*
No first-pass metabolism
Slower absorption
More predictable bioavailability
Can self-administer
5. Which enzyme family is central to Phase I drug metabolism?
*
MAO
COMT
UDP‑glucuronosyltransferase
Cytochrome P450
6. Which term describes a drug with a steep dose-response curve?
*
Low efficacy
High potency
High efficacy
Low slope
7. What effect does hepatic impairment have on drug clearance?
*
Increased clearance
Decreased clearance
Unchanged clearance
Enhanced metabolism
8. Which condition increases the risk of drug accumulation?
*
Fast metabolism
Short half-life
Low protein binding
Decreased renal function
9. What defines partial agonist activity?
*
Fully activates receptor
Overrides receptor function
Blocks receptor effect
Activates receptor partially
10. Which describes an example of pharmacodynamic tolerance?
*
Metabolic induction
Decreased effect after repeated dosing
Slowed absorption
Increased excretion
11. What best defines peak plasma concentration (Cₘₐₓ)?
*
Lowest plasma level
Time to half-life
Maximum level after dose
Total drug exposure
12. Which drug interaction exemplifies enzyme inhibition?
*
Rifampicin with warfarin
Phenobarbital with diazepam
Fluoxetine with Tamoxifen.
Carbamazepine with oral contraceptives
13. What does the term ‘efficacy’ refer to in pharmacology?
*
Dose required for effect
Maximum effect achievable
Drug potency
Binding affinity
14. Which describes a drug with low protein binding?
*
High free drug proportion
Large distribution volume
Slow metabolism
Enhanced potency
15. What defines steady-state concentration?
*
Equilibrium in dosing
Peak plasma level
Point when input equals output
First dose effect
16. Which drug exemplifies a narrow therapeutic index?
*
Paracetamol
Lithium
Amoxicillin
Fluoxetine
17. What parameter increases with enzyme induction?
*
Half-life
Protein binding
Clearance
Volume of distribution
18. What determines a drug’s potency?
*
Maximum effect achievable
Time to onset
Bioavailability
Dose needed for effect
19. Which describes zero-order elimination kinetics?
*
Rate depends on concentration
Constant amount removed per time
Elimination fastest initially
Dependent on protein binding
20. What is bioequivalence?
*
Equal price
Different generic drug
Same patient reaction
Similar PK profile to brand drug