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NMP Question Set 13 (Pharmacology)
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Course Curriculum
1. What best describes pharmacodynamics?
*
The movement of a drug through the body
The elimination of a drug
The effects of a drug on the body
The manufacture of a drug
2. How is a prodrug defined?
*
An inactive precursor converted to an active drug
An active compound as administered
A drug with prolonged duration
An active drug eliminated via urine
3. What are the four key phases of pharmacokinetics?
*
Absorption; Distribution; Clearance; Metabolism
Absorption; Elimination; Distribution; Metabolism
Distribution; Absorption; Excretion; Metabolism
Absorption; Distribution; Metabolism; Excretion
4. How is bioavailability defined?
*
The proportion of the administered dose that enters systemic circulation
The speed of drug onset
The extent of drug binding to tissue
The volume of distribution
5. Which route consistently bypasses first-pass metabolism?
*
Oral administration
Intramuscular administration
Rectal administration
Sublingual administration
6. What indicates a narrow therapeutic index?
*
A high safety margin
A long drug half-life
A small difference between effective and toxic doses
Minimal protein binding
7. What is the Yellow Card Scheme in the UK?
*
A drug pricing program
An adverse reaction reporting system
A clinical training course
A manufacturer’s approval process
8. Which drug requires therapeutic drug monitoring?
*
Ibuprofen
Metformin
Lithium
Paracetamol
9. According to BNF, what advice is given regarding clozapine and breastfeeding?
*
It is considered safe
Adjust dose weekly
Delay the dose for 12 hours
It is contraindicated to initiate or continue during breastfeeding
10. Which reaction characterizes Phase I metabolism?
*
Conjugation with glucuronic acid
Oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis
Direct excretion by the kidney
Formation of a prodrug
11. Which pharmacokinetic parameter is most influenced by gastric pH?
*
Distribution
Absorption
Metabolism
Excretion
12. How is affinity best expressed?
*
The time for onset of drug action
The strength of binding between a drug and its receptor
The required dose to elicit an effect
The maximum effect achievable by the drug
13. Which pharmacokinetic process is increased by higher renal blood flow in pregnancy?
*
Excretion
Distribution
Metabolism
Absorption
14. Why should doxycycline be administered 2–3 hours after iron supplements?
*
To prevent doxycycline toxicity
To prevent stomach irritation
Iron reduces doxycycline absorption
To decrease drug half-life
15. What indicates enzyme induction in Phase I metabolism?
*
Slower drug metabolism
Increased absorption
Reduced protein binding
Enhanced drug metabolism
16. What best defines clearance?
*
The volume of plasma cleared per unit time
The total amount of drug excreted
The drug plasma level at peak concentration
The time taken to eliminate half the drug
17. What is the half‑life of a drug?
*
The time taken for half of the administered dose to be absorbed
The time to reach steady‑state level
The duration of drug effect
The time required for the plasma concentration to halve
18. How is volume of distribution defined?
*
The volume of plasma occupied by drug
The volume of urine produced
The theoretical volume into which a drug distributes
The tissue volume influenced by drug
19. Which best describes an inverse agonist?
*
Blocks receptor with no effect
Produces the opposite effect to an agonist
Activates receptor lightly
Increases receptor effect
20. What is enterohepatic recycling?
*
Reabsorption of drug from bile via intestines
Reabsorption of drug from urinary tract
Metabolism in renal tubules
Distribution into fat tissue
